Haïti

Cette étude revient sur la première décennie de ce millénaire en Haïti, où une situation déplorable de mauvaise gouvernance et de corruption a sérieusement miné le ... Afficher plus + pays et la vie à l’échelle nationale. Les institutions publiques continuent à ne pas être en mesure d’offrir des services de base de qualité à la population. Au cours des cinq dernière années, l’ampleur de la corruption est devenue une source de préoccupation pour le gouvernement du pays, les membres des organisations de la société civile et les institutions internationales. Afin d’élaborer des politiques pour lutter contre la mauvaise gouvernance, il est d’abord nécessaire de réaliser une enquête diagnostique et une étude exhaustive sur la gouvernance et la corruption. À cette fin, le gouvernement haïtien, en partenariat avec des représentants de la société civile et avec l’aide technique du World Bank Institute, a lancé en 2005 une enquête diagnostique exhaustive sur la gouvernance et la corruption en Haïti pour mesurer et localiser les vulnérabilités institutionnelles afin de bien cibler les réformes. Le présent rapport expose les résultats de ces efforts. Afficher moins -

This report pursues twin objectives: (i) to assist in the formulation of an urban strategy for Haiti by providing an analytical overview of the facts and problems o... Afficher plus + f its urban development; and (ii) to identify those problems which World Bank lending can address, particularly improving the lot of the urban poor. The urban poverty problem in Haiti is severe and unlikely to improve rapidly. Several key problems require attention: (i) the institutional framework needs reform; (ii) public intervention in low-income shelter should be expanded; (iii) standards for slum upgrading should be lowered; (iv) the drainage and waste removal problems, as well as the water problem, are critical; (v) future water availability is in doubt; (vi) institutional reforms are required in urban employment promotion; and (vii) a comprehensive approach to construction industry development should be undertaken. While provincial towns should be given priority, the service delivery needs of Port-au-Prince cannot be neglected. Careful attention will have to be paid to technical assistance to the institutions involved. Afficher moins -

Haiti's development is limited by high population pressure, poverty, dependence on agricultural income, and low agricultural technology, resulting in over-utilizati... Afficher plus + on of land and severe erosion. Industry has been unable to provide employment opportunitites that would alleviate both the population presssure on scarce agricultural land and the urban poverty. Inadequate government resoures indicate a need for major fiscal reforms and the centralized political and administrative system has resulted in marked spatial imbalances. Policies to reduce the most crucial constraints to development identified in this report include: strengthening the government, largely through measures to improve the quality of staff; increasing agricultural production; and strengthening support services for industrial development. Policy measures must be developed to improve economic performance and avoid a balance-of-payments crisis. A major aspect is the strengthening of the country's absorptive capacity to allow for increased financial assistance. Afficher moins -